Ethanol as a household fuel in Madagascar
The following figure describes the project process:
Initial assessment of population:
Questionnaire
Selection of sub-groups
Figure 4:
Improved
biomass (wood)
stove
Raise awareness (minus control group
1)
Installation of stoves in groups 3, 4 &
5 + Baseline 1st Sample
Take 2nd Sample (B) ‘after sampling’
+ Household survey (3-6 weeks)
Figure 5:
Improved
charcoal stove
Take 3rd Sample (C) ‘after sampling’+
Household survey (5 months)
Final assessment
Figure 7: Project process
Figure 6:
Cleancook
ethanol stove
Emissions monitoring
Each household in the study was
equipped with a particulate matter
(PM) monitor and carbon monoxide
(CO) monitor, to measure levels
over a 24 hour period at each
sampling stage. Personal exposure
to CO was also measured using a
CO tube on each individual mother
and child, the results of which were
used to estimate personal exposure
to PM, as measuring PM for adults
and children is inconvenient.
Both monitors were set close together
at a fixed distance from the stove.
The initial questionnaire was used to
gauge levels of health and incidences
of acute lower respiratory illness
(ALRI), whilst emissions results could
be used to project benefits and
potential reductions in illness
through reduced household pollution
levels.
Figure 8: HAP
monitoring
equipment in
kitchen
PM Monitor
CO Monitor
Figure 9:
Individual CO
tube
4
Practical Action